ABSTRACT The conservation of forage as silage allows its application during the dry season in dairy cattle feeding. The most commonly used forage for this purpose is maize (Zea mays L.), but due to the possible effects of climate change, the diversification of crops with shorter agronomic cycles as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) should be considered. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the chemical composition of silages, the productive response of dairy cows fed wheat and maize silage, as well as their feeding costs. Three treatments were evaluated with 9.8 kg DM cow-1 d-1 silage plus 4.6 kg DM cow-1 d-1 commercial concentrate each. Treatments were 100% wheat silage (WS), 50% wheat silage-50% maize silage (WMS), and 100% maize silage (MS). Six Holstein cows were used in groups of three randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a 3×3 Latin square design repeated twice. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between treatments in silage chemical composition, except in NDF and ADF (P > 0.05). There were nonsignificant differences in animal variables (P > 0.05) with mean milk yield of 15.4 kg cow-1 d-1, 33.7 g kg-1 milkfat, 30.5 g kg-1 milk protein, 481.2 kg live weight and 2.1 body condition score. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in silage and total DM intake in the third experimental period (three periods, 14 d each one) with 8.1 and 12.7 kg DM cow-1 d-1, respectively. Although cost for wheat silage were higher than maize silage, all three treatments showed positive margins on feeding costs.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar ensilado de Tithonia tubiformis con diferentes aditivos para determinar composición química, parámetros de fermentación ruminal y de producción de gas in vitro. Se evaluaron dos etapas fenológicas (floración y reproductiva) y tres tratamientos de aditivos; control (CTR), melaza (MLZ) y bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL), mediante un diseño experimental factorial 3x2. Las variables evaluadas fueron materia seca (MS), materia orgánica (MO), proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente acido (FDA), energía metabolizable estimada (eEM), digestibilidad in vitro de la MS (DIVMS), MO (DIVMO) y de la FDN (DIVFDN) y producción de gas in vitro. Se presentaron diferencias (P < 0.05) en las variables de composición química, digestibilidad in vitro, eEM y parámetros de cinética de fermentación entre tratamientos a excepción de FDA, DIVFDN, C1, B, C2 y lag, para etapas fenológicas se presentaron diferencias (P < 0.05) en todas las variables a excepción de FDN, FDA, A y C1.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate Tithonia tubiformis silage with different additives to determine its chemical composition, ruminal fer mentation parameters and in vitro gas production, two phenological stages (flowering and reproductive) and three additive treatments for the silages were evaluated; control (CTR), molasses (MLZ) and lactic acid bacteria (BAL), through an analysis of variance with a 3x2 factorial experimental design. The variables evaluated were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), estimated metabolizable energy (eEM), in vitro digestibility of DM (IVDDM), MO (IVDOM) and NDF (IVDNDF), as well as in vitro gas production. Differences (P < 0.05) were found in the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, eEM and parameters of fermentation kinetics variables between treatments, except for ADF, IVNDF, C1, B, C2 and lag, regarding phenological stages there were differences (P < 0.05) in all variables except for NDF, ADF, A and C1.

Abstract: The arrival of Joint-Stock Companies for Professional Sports (SADP) to sports clubs inaugurates the neoliberal modernization of Chilean football. This business model redefined the role of supports and partners, starting from the market and the show. Based on the experience of Colo-Colo and Universidad de Chile, this article analyzes the conflict between partners and supports against the SADP on the reconfiguration of social participation, in the soccer field, during the process of deepening neoliberalism in Chile. Through oral history and the analysis of State policies, it is suggested that the process of neoliberalization of football, on the one hand, constrained the participation tools that exist in a sports club, and on the other, produced a response from fans and partners who articulated new projects to strengthen the social fabric in their institutions, redefine the socio-political limits of a club and dispute spaces of power with the SADP.

Resumen: La llegada de Sociedades Anónimas del Deporte Profesional (SADP) a los clubes deportivos inaugura la modernización neoliberal del fútbol chileno. Este modelo empresarial redefinió el papel de hinchas y socios a partir del mercado y el espectáculo. En base a la experiencia de Colo-Colo y Universidad de Chile, este artículo analiza el conflicto de socios e hinchas contra las SADP sobre la reconfiguración de la participación social, en el campo del fútbol, durante el proceso de profundización del neoliberalismo en Chile. A través de la historia oral y el análisis de las políticas del Estado, se plantea que el proceso de neoliberalización del fútbol, por un lado, constriñó las herramientas de participación que existen en un club deportivo y, por otro, produjo una respuesta de hinchas y socios que articularon nuevos proyectos para fortalecer el tejido social en sus instituciones, redefinir los límites sociopolíticos de un club y disputar espacios de poder con las SADP.

ABSTRACT Small-grain cereals may be a forage alternative for small-scale dairy systems under limiting climatic conditions given their short agronomic cycle. Cereals as dual-purpose forages (grazing and silage) have not been evaluated in Mexico. The objective was to assess the inclusion of rye (Secale cereale L.) (SCS) or triticale (×Triticosecale spp.) silage (TRS). The treatments were: T1 = 10 kg DM cow-1 d-1 SCS, T2 = 10 kg DM TRS, in both treatments with grazing access (8 h d-1) of a Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone) pasture and supplemented with 3.6 kg DM cow-1 d-1 concentrate; in a double cross-over with six cows and three 14 d experimental periods, animal (milk yield, live weight, body condition score, and sampling for milk composition) and feed variables (net herbage accumulation, sward height and sampling for chemical composition) were recorded during the last 4 d of each period. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for milk yield (13.3 ± 2.8 kg cow-1 d-1), live weight (512.1 ± 85.9 kg), body condition score (2.2 ± 0.2), milk fat (35.8 ± 5.2 g kg-1), milk protein (27.8 ± 0.6 g kg-1), milk urea N (9.8 ± 2.5 mg dL-1) or milk pH (6.8 ± 0.07). Feeding costs were lower in SCS (P < 0.05); which may be an alternative for small-scale dairy systems. It is concluded that both rye and triticale are good alternatives as dual-purpose forage crops.

ABSTRACT: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation involves a non-self-limited displacement of the condyle out of its functional positions within the glenoid fossa and posterior aspect of the articular eminence. TMJ dislocation accounts for 3 % of all reported dislocated joint cases in the body. The TMJ is more flexible in women and therefore more prone to dislocation. Chronic dislocations include acute dislocations that are not self-limiting and progress without treatment, as well as recurrent chronic dislocations, in which individuals experience multiple dislocations as a result of daily activities. Regardless of the subtype, chronic dislocation can be managed by surgical or non-surgical treatment modalities. Surgical/invasive interventions aim at anatomical modification of the eminence, condyle, or musculocapsular tissues. We report the case of a 75-year-old female patient who was admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service of the Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia “Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez” in Mexico City for presenting recurrent mandibular dislocation on the left side for 3 years. It was decided to perform eminoplasty with chin graft as a definitive surgical treatment for this condition, obtaining excellent functional results up to one year of follow-up.

RESUMEN: La luxación de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) implica un desplazamiento no autolimitado del cóndilo fuera de sus posiciones funcionales dentro de la fosa glenoidea y vertiente posterior de la eminencia articular. La luxación de la ATM representa el 3 % de todos los casos de articulaciones dislocadas reportadas en el cuerpo. La ATM es más flexible en las mujeres y, por lo tanto, más propensas a luxarse. Las luxaciones crónicas incluyen luxaciones agudas que no son autolimitadas y progresan sin tratamiento, además de las luxaciones crónicas recidivantes, en las que los individuos experimentan múltiples luxaciones como resultado de las actividades cotidianas. Independientemente del subtipo, la luxación crónica se puede manejar mediante modalidades de tratamiento quirúrgico o no quirúrgico. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas/invasivas tienen como objetivo la modificación anatómica de la eminencia, el cóndilo o los tejidos musculo capsulares. Reportamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 75 años de edad, quien ingresa al servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia “Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez” del Instituto Mexicano de Seguridad Social de la Ciudad de México por presentar luxación mandibular recidivante del lado izquierdo desde hace 3 años. Se decide realizar eminoplastía con injerto de mentón como tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo para esta condición obteniendo excelentes resultados funcionales hasta después de un año de seguimiento.

Abstract Traditional Zacazonapan cheeses have unique organoleptic characteristics and are characterized by being linked to the territory of origin. In the maturation process, there are many interactive variables that are responsible for physical, chemical, biological and structural changes. In order to evaluate the bacteriological evolution of artisanal cheeses during their maturation under non-controlled conditions in two production periods, samples of raw milk and cheese were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 150 d of maturation. The presence of molds and yeasts (MaY), mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), Staphylococcus spp. (Staph), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), Salmonella spp. (Salm) and Listeria spp. (List) was determined. The average microbial load was 9.68, 9.38, 8.55 and 8.10 log10 CFU/g of cheese for MaY, MAB, Staph and TC respectively, as well as 2.68 log10 MPN/g of cheese for FC. Salm was not detected but List was. The microbiological evolution of Zacazonapan matured cheese had counts that exceed the maximum levels of the Official Mexican Standard 243 SSA1 2010.

Resumen Los quesos tradicionales Zacazonapan tienen características organolépticas únicas y se caracterizan por estar vinculados al territorio de origen. En el proceso de maduración se tienen numerosas variables interactivas que son responsables de los cambios físicos, químicos, biológicos y estructurales. Con el objetivo de evaluar la evolución bacteriológica de quesos artesanales durante su maduración bajo condiciones no controladas en dos épocas de producción, se colectaron muestras de leche cruda y de queso a los 0, 30, 60, 120 y 150 días de maduración. Se determinó la presencia de mohos y levaduras (MyL), bacterias mesófilas aerobias (BMA), Staphylococcus spp. (Staph), coliformes totales (CT), coliformes fecales (CF), Salmonella spp. (Salm) y Listeria spp. (List). La carga microbiana promedio fue 9.68, 9.38, 8.55 y 8.10 log10 UFC/g de queso para MyH, BMA, Staph y CT respectivamente, así como 2.68 log10 NMP/g de queso para CF. No se detectó Salm pero si List. La evolución microbiológica del queso madurado Zacazonapan presentó conteos que superan los niveles máximos de la Norma Oficial Mexicana 243 SSA1 2010.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se analizan algunos de los errores que realizan con más frecuencia al estudiar la integral definida los alumnos de Ingeniería en Gestión Empresarial (IGE) del Instituto Tecnológico José Mario Molina (ITJMM), así como la forma en que esto los afecta para alcanzar la competencia matemática requerida. Por ello, fue necesario investigar sobre tres elementos clave: competencia, competencia matemática y revisión en la literatura sobre los principales errores de los alumnos en el tema de la integral definida. En síntesis, al examinar los resultados de un examen diagnóstico aplicado, se observó que 89 % de los alumnos presentaban uno o más de estos tipos de problemas. Sin embargo, después de la aplicación del estudio este porcentaje se redujo a 47 %.

Abstract This paper analyzes some of the main mistakes frequently made by Business Management Engineering (IGE) students at the José Mario Molina Technological Institute (ITJMM) when studying the definite integral and the way in which they affect them in order to achieve math proficiency required. For this reason, it was necessary to investigate 3 key elements: competence, mathematical competence and to review the literature on the main errors that students make on the subject of the definite integral. When examining the results of the diagnostic test, it was observed that 89% of the students presented one or more of these types of problems. However, after the application of the study this percentage was reduced to 47%.

Resumo No presente trabalho, são analisados alguns dos erros que os alunos de Engenharia em Gestão Empresarial (IGE) do Instituto Tecnológico José Mario Molina (ITJMM) cometem com mais frequência ao estudar a integral definida, bem como a forma como isso afeta para atingir a competência matemática necessária. Por isso, foi necessário investigar três elementos-chave: competência, competência matemática e revisão da literatura sobre os principais erros dos alunos na disciplina de integral definida. Em resumo, ao analisar os resultados de um teste de diagnóstico aplicado, observou-se que 89% dos alunos apresentaram um ou mais desses tipos de problemas. No entanto, após a aplicação do estudo, esse percentual foi reduzido para 47%.

Resumen El presente artículo explora el conflicto entre los poderes ejecutivo y judicial iniciado en 1927, y sus consecuencias en la estructura institucional chilena, proyectadas durante las décadas siguientes. Así, se afirma que dicho episodio definió el carácter de las relaciones entre judicatura y Ejecutivo durante la República presidencialista iniciada en 1925.

Abstract Thispaper explores the conflict between the executive and judicial powers that beganin 1927, and its consequences on the Chilean institutional structure, projected during the following decades. Thus, it affirms that that episode defined the relationship between judiciary and Executive power under the Presidencialist Republic started in 1925.

Abstract Objective: Characterize the processes of collection, commercialization and consumption of herbaceous quelites, mainly native, in the city of Toluca, Mexico. Methodology: The work was carried out in four markets of the aforementioned city. The ethnographic method was used; semi-structured interview guides were applied to 20 collectors, 73 merchants and 69 quelite consumers. Results: In the city of Toluca and its surroundings, quelites continue to be collected, marketed and consumed, but in low quantities; 12 species were identified, and the ones that are mainly consumed are the following: quintoniles (Amaranthus hybridus), purslane (Portulaca oleracea), chivatitos (Calandrinia micrantha), ashes (Chenopodium berlandieri) and huauzontles (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae). They are prepared at least 12 ways. Limitations: The research was restricted to the markets of the city of Toluca during one time of the year. Conclusions: The quelites that are sold in the traditional markets in the city of Toluca are collected in the surrounding rural areas or are purchased in the large distribution centers; there has been a reduction in their consumption in the last five or eight years.

Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar los procesos de recolección, comercialización y consumo de quelites herbáceos, principalmente nativos, en la ciudad de Toluca, México. Metodología: El trabajo se realizó en cuatro mercados de la ciudad referida. Se empleó el método etnográfico, se aplicaron guías de entrevista semiestructurada a 20 recolectores, 73 comerciantes, 69 consumidoras de quelites. Resultados: En la ciudad de Toluca y sus alrededores, los quelites se siguen recolectando, comercializando y consumiendo, pero en bajas cantidades. Se identificaron doce especies; las que se consumen principalmente son las siguientes: quintoniles (Amaranthus hybridus), verdolagas (Portulaca oleracea), chivatitos (Calandrinia micrantha), cenizos (Chenopodium berlandieri) y huauzontles (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae). Se preparan, al menos, de doce maneras. Limitaciones: La investigación se restringió a los mercados de la ciudad de Toluca durante una época del año. Conclusiones: Los quelites que se comercializan en los mercados tradicionales en la ciudad de Toluca se recolectan en las zonas rurales aledañas o se adquieren en los grandes centros distribuidores. Se ha presentado una reducción en su consumo en los últimos cinco u ocho años.

ABSTRACT Battarrea phalloides, a conspicuous mushroom-forming fungus with worldwide but scattered distribution in xeric habitats, has a relatively recent history of records in Chile, with most locations in the arid north of the country. Recent findings of the species in central Chile, particularly in the Larger Santiago area, indicate its possible expansion towards higher latitudes. An update of the regional map of B. phalloides which includes records obtained from social media and common use databases, suggests a possible temporal and spatial correlation between the observed expansion and the regional climate phenomenon known as megadrought.

Resumen Las neoplasias apendiculares se presentan hasta en el 50 % de los casos como un episodio de apendicitis aguda. Existen características demográficas, clínicas y radiológicas que aumentan las posibilidades de un tumor apendicular subyacente, sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos, son los hallazgos intraoperatorios los que alertan al cirujano. A pesar de que el tipo histológico determina la radicalidad del manejo quirúrgico de estos pacientes, algunas características macroscópicas pueden orientar a las patologías específicas y a una conducta adecuada. En general, los objetivos del manejo quirúrgico inicial se cumplen con una resección limitada al apéndice cecal, asociada a la citología de mucina y biopsia de los implantes peritoneales si están presentes, reservando las resecciones extendidas, como hemicolectomía derecha oncológica, para los pacientes con compromiso extenso de la base o del mesenterio apendicular ante la sospecha de neoplasias neuroendocrinas o adenocarcinoma del apéndice cecal.

Abstract Appendicular neoplasms present in up to 50% of cases as an episode of acute appendicitis. There are demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics that increase the chances of an underlying appendicular tumor; however, in most cases are the intraoperative findings that alert the surgeon. Although the histological type determines the radical nature of the surgical management of these patients, some macroscopic characteristics can guide specific pathologies and appropriate behavior. In general, the objectives of initial surgical management are met with a limited resection of the cecal appendix, associated with mucin cytology and biopsy of peritoneal implants if present, reserving extended resections such as oncological right hemicolectomy for patients with extensive compromise of the base or appendicular mesentery when neuroendocrine neoplasms or adenocarcinoma of the cecal appendix are suspected.

Resumen La posibilidad de encontrar una neoplasia benigna o maligna del ovario, de forma inesperada durante una intervención quirúrgica abdominal, es una realidad para todos los especialistas en cirugía. Si bien en muchos casos se tratará de una lesión benigna, el riesgo de cáncer no debe subestimarse, ya que, por ejemplo, la ruptura intraoperatoria de una lesión quística maligna puede reestadificar a una paciente con cáncer de ovario del estadio IA al IC, con todas las consecuencias que esto implica, como la necesidad de requerir quimioterapia adyuvante y tener un peor pronóstico. Por otro lado, en mujeres premenopáusicas debe discutirse con la familia o la paciente (idealmente) el riesgo e implicaciones de la ooforectomía uni o bilateral, incluso si esto amerita dejar el quirófano para obtener el consentimiento, o posponer el procedimiento definitivo para un segundo tiempo. La consulta intraoperatoria a un ginecólogo, siempre que sea posible, se debe llevar a cabo con el fin de respaldar la conducta adoptada. Conocer el manejo adecuado de las masas anexiales encontradas de forma incidental durante una cirugía abdominal, es una prioridad para todos los cirujanos generales.

Abstract The possibility of finding a benign or malignant neoplasm of the ovary unexpectedly during abdominal surgery is a reality for all specialists in surgery. Although in many cases it will be a benign lesion, the risk of cancer should not be underestimated, since, for example, the intraoperative rupture of a malignant cystic lesion may well re-stage a patient with ovarian cancer from stage IA to IC, with the consequences that this implies, such as the need for adjuvant chemotherapy and a worse prognosis. On the other hand, in premenopausal women, the risk and implications of unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy should be discussed with the family or the patient (ideally), even if this implies leaving the operating room to obtain consent, or postponing the definitive procedure for a second time. Intraoperative consultation with a gynecologist, whenever possible, should be carried out in order to support the adopted behavior. Knowing the proper management of adnexal masses found incidentally during abdominal surgery is a priority for all general surgeons.

RESUMO Objetivo. Examinar a viabilidade do uso de inteligência artificial como um método sensível e específico de triagem de COVID-19 em pacientes com afecções respiratórias, empregando imagens obtidas por exame de tomografia do tórax e uma plataforma de telemedicina. Métodos. Entre março de 2020 e junho de 2021, foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo multicêntrico sobre a viabilidade do uso de inteligência artificial (IA) para a triagem de COVID-19, empregando imagens do tórax de pacientes com afecções respiratórias atendidos em hospitais da rede pública. O diagnóstico das imagens obtidas em tomografia do tórax foi realizado por meio de uma plataforma de IA e, em seguida, cotejado com o diagnóstico molecular (RT-PCR) para determinar a concordância entre os métodos utilizados e analisar a viabilidade deste processo para a triagem de pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19. As imagens e os resultados do exame diagnóstico foram disponibilizados em uma plataforma de telemedicina. Resultados. Foi realizada a triagem de 3 514 pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 atendidos em 14 hospitais de todo o país. Os pacientes, na sua maioria, tinham entre 27 e 59 anos de idade ou pertenciam à faixa etária acima de 60 anos, com média de idade de 48,6 anos, sendo que 52,8% eram do sexo masculino. Os achados mais comuns foram pneumonia grave, pneumonia bilateral com derrame pleural, enfisema pulmonar bilateral e opacidade difusa em vidro fosco, entre outros. Verificou-se, em média, 93% de concordância e 7% de discordância entre as imagens analisadas com uso de IA e os resultados do exame de RT-PCR, com uma sensibilidade de 93% e especificidade de 80% desse sistema de triagem. Conclusões. Demonstrou-se que o uso de um sistema de IA sensível e específico é viável nos hospitais públicos do Paraguai para a detecção rápida estratificada de COVID-19 em pacientes com afecções respiratórias, empregando imagens de exame de tomografia do tórax e uma plataforma de telemedicina.

ABSTRACT Objective. Study the feasibility of using artificial intelligence as a sensitive and specific method for COVID-19 screening in patients with respiratory conditions, using chest CT scan images and a telemedicine platform. Methods. From March 2020 to June 2021, the authors conducted an observational descriptive multicenter feasibility study based on artificial intelligence (AI) for COVID-19 screening using chest images of patients with respiratory conditions who presented at public hospitals. The AI platform was used to diagnose chest CT scan images; this was then compared with molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR) to determine whether they matched and to analyze the feasibility of AI for screening patients with suspected COVID-19. A telemedicine platform was used to send images and diagnostic results. Results. Screening of 3 514 patients with a suspected COVID-19 diagnosis was performed in 14 hospitals around the country. Most patients were aged 27 to 59 years, followed by those over 60. The average age was 48.6 years; 52.8% were male. The most frequent findings were severe pneumonia, bilateral pneumonia with pleural effusion, bilateral pulmonary emphysema, and diffuse ground glass opacity, among others. There was an average of 93% matching and 7% mismatching between images analyzed by AI and RT-PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of the AI system, obtained by comparing AI and RT-PCR screening results, were 93% and 80% respectively. Conclusions. The use of sensitive and specific AI for stratified rapid detection of COVID-19 in patients with respiratory conditions by using chest CT scan images and a telemedicine platform in public hospitals in Paraguay is feasible.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Estudiar la factibilidad de utilización de la inteligencia artificial como método sensible y específico para el cribado de COVID-19 en pacientes con afecciones respiratorias empleando imágenes de tórax obtenidas con tomógrafo y una plataforma de telemedicina. Métodos. Entre marzo del 2020 y junio del 2021 se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo multicéntrico de factibilidad basada en inteligencia artificial (IA) para el cribado de COVID-19 en imágenes de tórax de pacientes con afecciones respiratorias que acudieron a hospitales públicos. El diagnóstico de las imágenes tomográficas de tórax se realizó a través de la plataforma de IA; luego, se comparó con el diagnóstico molecular (RT-PCR) para determinar la concordancia entre ambos y analizar su factibilidad para el cribado de pacientes con sospecha de COVID-19. Las imágenes y los resultados diagnóstico se enviaron a través de una plataforma de telemedicina. Resultados. Se realizó el cribado de 3 514 pacientes con sospecha diagnóstica de COVID-19, en 14 hospitales a nivel nacional. La mayoría de los pacientes tenían entre 27 y 59 años, seguidos por los mayores de 60 años. La edad promedio fue de 48,6 años; el 52,8% eran de sexo masculino. Los hallazgos más frecuentes fueron neumonía grave, neumonía bilateral con derrame pleural, enfisema pulmonar bilateral y opacidad difusa en vidrio esmerilado, entre otros. Se determinó un promedio de 93% de concordancia y 7% de discordancia entre las imágenes analizadas mediante IA y la RT-PCR. La sensibilidad y especificidad del sistema de IA, obtenidas comparando el resultado del cribado obtenido por IA con la RT-PCR, fueron de 93% y 80% respectivamente. Conclusiones. Es viable la utilización de IA sensible y específica para la detección rápida estratificada de COVID-19 en pacientes con afecciones respiratorias utilizando imágenes obtenidas mediante tomografía de tórax y una plataforma de telemedicina en los hospitales públicos de Paraguay.

RESUMEN El presente estudio identifica e ilustra la riqueza de especies de Coccinellidae asociados a cultivos de cítricos en el centro-sur de Tamaulipas, México. La colecta de especímenes se realizó de marzo a octubre de 2020 en intervalos semanales, usando red entomológica, trampas amarillas y revisando manualmente las ramas de los árboles de menor tamaño. Se recolectaron 169 especímenes adultos de la familia Coccinellidae representados en dos subfamilias, 13 géneros y 20 especies. De las 20 especies, 14 ya estaban reportadas y seis son primeros registros para Tamaulipas. Se concluye que el aumento en el número de especies recolectadas en esta región se debe al mayor esfuerzo en el muestreo realizado.

ABSTRACT The present study identifies and illustrates the species richness of Coccinellidae associated with citrus crops in south-central Tamaulipas, Mexico. The collection of specimens was carried out from March to October 2020, at weekly intervals, using entomological netting, yellow traps and manually checking the branches of the smaller trees. A total of 169 adult specimens of the Coccinellidae family represented in two subfamilies, 13 genera and 20 species were collected. Of the 20 species, 14 were already reported and six are first records 2 for Tamaulipas. It is concluded that the increase in the number of species collected in this region is due to the more significant effort in the sampling carried out.